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Objective To investigate the relationship of red cell distribution width (RDW) with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in patients who initiated MHD from January 2008 to September 2017 in the hemodialysis center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University.Basic data on demographic,dialysis and laboratory were collected,and echocardiography indicators and clinical outcomes were recorded.Patients were divided into four groups according to the quartile of RDW level.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the difference of survival rate among the groups.Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of all-cause and CVD-related mortality,and predictive value of RDW for all-cause and CVD-related death in hemodialysis patients.Results A total of 268 MHD patients were enrolled in this study with age of (60.9± 15.8) years and dialysis duration of (58.1±9.1) months,including 159 males (59.3％).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the 1-year overall survival rates of Q1 group (RDW≤ 13.8％,n=61),Q2 group (RDW 13.9％-14.6％,n=66),Q3 group (RDW 14.7％-15.6％,n=73)and Q4 group (RDW≥15.7％,n=68) were 96.8％,95.1％,93.1％ and 85.7％ respectively;3-year overall survival rates were 88.5％,87.5％,59.2％ and 51.8％ respectively;5-year overall survival rates were 71.5％,65.4％,33.6％ and 17.7％ respectively;The difference between the groups was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).The 1-year CVD survival rates were 98.4％,96.6％,95.8％ and 92.4％ respectively;3-year CVD survival rates were 94.8％,92.5％,84.4％ and 70.4％ respectively;5-year CVD survival rates were 86.9％,81.3％,65.6％ and 51.3％ respectively;The difference between the groups was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that RDW≥15.7％ was an independent risk factor for all-cause and CVD-related mortality in MHD patients.The risk of all-cause mortality in Q4 group was 3.098 times higher than that in Q 1 group (95％ CI 1.072-8.950,P=0.037) and the risk of CVD-related mortality was 2.661 times (95％ CI 1.111-8.342,P=0.048).Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that RDW=14.85％ was the best cut-off point for predicting the all-cause mortality in HD patients (P ＜ 0.01),RDW=15.45％was the best cut-off point for predicting the cardiovascular disease mortality (P ＜ 0.01),and RDW=14.45％ had a higher 5-year survival rate (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion RDW can independently predict all-cause and CVD-related mortality risk in hemodialysis patients,and it has important value for prognosis.
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Background@#Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT). However, neurocognitive complications such as memory loss and learning and attention deficits emerge in the survivors of NPC who received RT. It remains unclear how radiation affects patient brain function. This pilot study aimed at finding cerebral functional alterations in NPC patients who have received RT.@*Methods@#From September 2014 to December 2016, 42 individuals, including 22 NPC patients and 20 normal volunteer controls in National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, were recruited in this study. All patients received resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and neurocognitive tests 1 day before the initiation of RT (baseline) and 1 day after the completion of RT; the 20 normal controls were also subjected to the same scans and tests. The amplitude of the low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in blood oxygen level-dependent signals and functional connectivity (FC) were used to characterize cerebral functional changes. Independent t test, paired t test, and analysis of variances were used to obtain statistical significance across groups.@*Results@#After RT, NPC patients showed significantly decreased ALFF values in the calcarine sulcus, lingual gyrus, cuneus, and superior occipital gyrus and showed significantly reduced FC mainly in the default mode network (P < 0.05, corrected by AlphaSim). Relative to the controls, ALFF was decreased in the lingual gyrus, calcarine sulcus, cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal gyrus (P < 0.05, corrected by AlphaSim), and FC reduction was found in multiple cerebellar–cerebral regions, including the cerebellum, parahippocampus, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, precuneus, and cingulate cortex (P < 0.001, corrected by AlphaSim).@*Conclusions@#Cerebral functional alterations occur immediately after RT. This study may provide an explanation for the cognitive deficits in the morphologically normal-appearing brains of NPC patients after RT and may contribute to the understanding of the complex mechanism of RT.
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BACKGROUND@#Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT). However, neurocognitive complications such as memory loss and learning and attention deficits emerge in the survivors of NPC who received RT. It remains unclear how radiation affects patient brain function. This pilot study aimed at finding cerebral functional alterations in NPC patients who have received RT.@*METHODS@#From September 2014 to December 2016, 42 individuals, including 22 NPC patients and 20 normal volunteer controls in National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, were recruited in this study. All patients received resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and neurocognitive tests 1 day before the initiation of RT (baseline) and 1 day after the completion of RT; the 20 normal controls were also subjected to the same scans and tests. The amplitude of the low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in blood oxygen level-dependent signals and functional connectivity (FC) were used to characterize cerebral functional changes. Independent t test, paired t test, and analysis of variances were used to obtain statistical significance across groups.@*RESULTS@#After RT, NPC patients showed significantly decreased ALFF values in the calcarine sulcus, lingual gyrus, cuneus, and superior occipital gyrus and showed significantly reduced FC mainly in the default mode network (P < 0.05, corrected by AlphaSim). Relative to the controls, ALFF was decreased in the lingual gyrus, calcarine sulcus, cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal gyrus (P < 0.05, corrected by AlphaSim), and FC reduction was found in multiple cerebellar-cerebral regions, including the cerebellum, parahippocampus, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, precuneus, and cingulate cortex (P < 0.001, corrected by AlphaSim).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Cerebral functional alterations occur immediately after RT. This study may provide an explanation for the cognitive deficits in the morphologically normal-appearing brains of NPC patients after RT and may contribute to the understanding of the complex mechanism of RT.
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Objective@#To investigate the imaging appearance of CT and MRI in retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) based on pathological findings.@*Methods@#Twelve patients with retroperitoneal DDL (13 lesions) who were surgically and pathologically confirmed were retrospectively collected in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The correlation of CT and MRI features with histopathologic findings was analyzed.@*Results@#The CT and MRI images of retroperitoneal DDLs were large, heterogeneous soft-tissue masses, mostly lobulated (30.8%, 4/13) or multinodular (46.2%, 6/13), invading adjacent anatomic structures (46.2%, 6/13). The lesions contained different proportions of fatty and non-fatty components, and usually with clear boundaries. The CT images of dedifferentiated components showed non-fatty masses of soft tissue density or mixed density, among which ground-glass nodules may be related to mucinous components. Occasionally calcification or ossification was seen (45.5%, 5/11). The contrast-enhanced CT and MRI images of non-fatty components commonly showed intense heterogeneous enhancement (84.6%, 11/13), central cystic changes and necrosis (61.5%, 8/13), pathologically corresponding to multiple types of soft tissue sarcomas without significant specificity. The well-differentiated components were fatty masses with irregular fibrous septa or soft tissue nodules, which is pathologically corresponding to well differentiated liposarcoma. Lymph node or distant metastasis was rare.@*Conclusions@#The imaging manifestations of retroperitoneal DDLs are diverse and closely related to the proportion and distribution of different components. CT, MRI and contrast-enhanced imaging has a certain diagnostic value for retroperitoneal DDLs.
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Objective@#To compare the diagnostic value of T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and T2WI+ DWI magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for staging of rectal cancers for improving the accuracy of tumor staging.@*Methods@#From January 2011 to December 2013, 120 cases of rectal cancers proved by colonoscopy without receiving any anti-tumor treatment were enrolled retrospectively. The MRI data for these patients were divided into three groups, ie., T2WI, DWI and T2WI+ DWI, for evaluating the tumor stages. The results were compared with histopathologic findings. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared with chi-square test. The nodal staging was predicted by using T2WI+ DWI.@*Results@#The accuracy for prediction of tumor staging was 83.3%, 65.0% and 92.5% for T2WI, DWI, and T2WI+ DWI respectively. The specificity for evaluating T1 and T2 stage, and the sensitivity for evaluating T3 by DWI was significantly lower than those using T2WI and T2WI+ DWI in rectal cancers. The sensitivity for evaluation of T2 by DWI was lower than that using T2WI+ DWI (63.0% vs. 88.9%). The sensitivity for evaluation T2 and specificity for T3 by T2WI+ DWI was higher than thouse using T2WI only (88.9% vs. 51.9%, 94.0% vs. 72.0%). The accuracy for prediction of nodal staging by using T2WI+ DWI was 62.1% (72/116).@*Conclusions@#T2WI is the key sequence for staging of rectal cancers. Although the diagnostic accuracy was not good by using DWI alone, the combination of T2WI and DWI can improve the accuracy significantly for tumor staging in rectal cancers, whereas the nodal staging was still a hard task for radiologists.
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Objective@#To explore the intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) model in lung cancer patients with different histopathological subtypes.@*Methods@#A total of 105 patients were recruited, including 68 cases of adenocarcinoma, 22 cases of squamous carcinoma and 15 cases of small cell carcinoma. All patients underwent magnetic resonance examination consisting of axial IVIM-DWI sequence on a 3.0 T whole body scanner, then the standard ADC (sADC), diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient(D*), perfusion fraction (f), distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and water diffusion heterogeneity index (α) were calculated for each lesion within the IVIM-DWI model.@*Results@#Mean sADC values were (1.45±0.26) ×10-3mm2/s, (1.36±0.48) ×10-3mm2/s and (1.35±0.40) ×10-3mm2/s for adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma and small cell carcinoma, respectively. Mean f values were (59.75±16.37) %, (47.41±18.69) % and (48.96±19.88) % for adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma and small cell carcinoma, respectively. Mean α values were 0.72±0.13 for adenocarcinoma, 0.62±0.12 for squamous carcinoma, and 0.63±0.11 for small cell carcinoma, respectively. Statistical analyses indicated that the sADC, f and α values among different histopathological subtypes were significantly different (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in D, D* and DDC values (P>0.05). Furthermore, the comparison showed that the sADC, f and α values of patients with adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than those with squamous carcinoma or small cell carcinoma (P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between squamous carcinoma group and small cell carcinoma group (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#The sADC, f and α values derived from the IVIM-DWI model can be used for comprehensive non-invasive evaluation of diffusion, perfusion and heterogeneity of microenvironment in lung cancer patients. And the IVIM-DWI model may be a promising tool for predicting histopathological subtypes of lung cancer.
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Objective To explore the value of pelvic MRI combined with clinical information in diagnosis of endometrial cancer (EC) with ovarian malignant tumor (OMT) using decision tree analysis.Methods The clinical information and pelvic MRI characteristics of 58 cases with ovarian malignant tumor (EC-OMT group) and 743 cases without ovarian malignant tumor (EC group) were reviewed and compared.The diagnostic efficacy of pelvic MRI was evaluated.Decision tree analysis was used in determining the performance on the diagnosis.Results In EC-OMT group,the depth of myometrial invasion,the frequency of cervical and cornua uteri involvement,adnexal mass,pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes involvement and peritoneum metastasis were higher than those in EC group (all P＜0.01).Para-uterine involvement showed no significant difference between two groups (1.72％ vs 0.40％,P=0.26).In diagnosis of EC with OMT,the sensitivity and specificity value of MRI was 51.72％ (30/58) and 99.87％ (742/743),respectively.Cornua uteri involvement,adnexal mass and CA125 level were screened as helpful indicators for pre-operation diagnosis by decision tree,and the sensitivity was 89.66％ (52/58).Conclusion The diagnosis model of pelvic MRI combined with clinical information by using decision tree analysis can promote sensitivity in diagnosis of EC with OMT.
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Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of regional lymph node spread in patients with stage Ⅱ nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT-NKTCL).Methods From 1987 to 2013,a total of 97 patients with newly-diagnosed stage Ⅱ UADT-NKTCL were retrospectively reviewed.Primary tumors were located in the nasal cavity (n=52) or extranasal UADT sites (n=45).The majority of patients were treated with primary radiotherapy.Sixty-five patients were treated with combined modality therapy (CMT),and 32 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone (n=27) or chemotherapy alone (n=5).The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate,and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and monovariate prognostic analysis.The Cox regression model was used to multivariate prognostic analysis.Results The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates for all stage Ⅱ patients were 57% and 49%,respectively.The presence of a lower neck lymph node (defined as extension below the caudal border of the cricoid cartilage) was significantly associated with poor outcomes on univariate analysis and maintained significance on multivariate analysis.The median survival for patients with lower neck lymph node was 19.3 months and the 2-,5-years OS rates were 28% and 11%(P=0.000).For stage Ⅱ patients,CMT significantly improved survival.The 5-year OS and PFS rates were 64% and 52% for CMT,compared with 40.4%(P=0.006) and 42% for single modality therapy (P=0.088).Conclusion The level of regional lymph node is a powerful prognostic factor for stage Ⅱ UADT-NKTCL.The involvement of low neck lymph node is significantly associated with poorer survival outcomes.
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Objective To analyze and summarize the imaging features of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE).Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 9 patients with EHE who were admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between June 2012 and June 2016 were collected.Patients underwent computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations.Number,size,location,shape,density or signal and enhancement method of lesions,with or without lesions fusion and relationship between lesions and vessels were analyzed by 2 imaging doctors.Lesions in left lobe of liver,right lobe of liver and caudate lobe of liver were respectively counted.Real number was a standard as less than 5 lesions and more than or equal to 5 lesions was represented as ≥ 5.Observation indicators:(1) overall imaging features of EHE;(2) MRI findings of EHE;(3) CT findings of EHE;(4) treatment and pathological features of EHE and results of follow-up.Patients received the corresponding treatment after imaging examinations.Follow-up using outpatient imaging examinations was performed to detect tumor recurrence and stable condition of patients up to December 2016.Results (1) Overall imaging features of EHE:of 9 patients with EHE,6 received plain and enhanced scans of MRI,3 received plain and enhanced scans of CT (1 combined with MRI),1 received enhanced scan of CT.Lesions in right lobe of liver were more than that in left lobe of liver,and there were fewest lesions in caudate lobe of liver.Lesions were round or similar-round shape,with a maximum diameter of 2.5-6.1 cm and an average diameter of 3.6 cm.Four patients had total 2-5 lesions and less than 5 lesions in each lobe of liver,without lesions fusion,including 1 with halo sign and capsule retraction sign and 1 with halo sign.Of other 5 patients,2 had more than or equal to 5 lesions in each lobe of liver and 3 had more than or equal to 5 lesions in 2 lobes of liver;4 had halo sign,lollipop sign,capsule retraction sign and a tendency of lesions fusion,1 had halo sign and capsule retraction sign.The halo sign,lollipop sign,capsule retraction sign and a tendency of lesions fusion were 7/9,4/9,6/9 and 4/9 in 9 patients,respectively.(2) MRI findings of EHE:6 patients received plain and enhanced scans of MRI.① Four patients had clearhalo sign on T2 weighted imaging (T2WI),in portal vein phase and hepatobiliary phase.Three patients had slightly central hyperintensity and thick ring of slightly peripheral hyperintensity on T2WI.There were slightly central hyperintensity and thin ring of slightly peripheral hypointensity in 1 patient,and the halo sign was seen by enhanced scan.There were central hyperintensity and peripheral hypointensity in 2 patients,and the halo signs were clearly seen in hepatobiliary phase.Some patients were combined with multiple manifestations.② There were no obvious halo sign on T2WI,annular enhancement in arterial phase by enhanced scan,no obvious halo sign in portal vein phase and hepatobiliary phase in 2 patients.There were hypointensity on T1WI and isointensity-hyperintensity on DWI in 6 patients.(3) CT findings of EHE:plain scan of CT in 4 patients showed slightly hypodense shadow,without calcification.Enhanced scan of CT in 3 patients showed that obvious halo-like enhancement was seen in portal vein phase and halo rings were less obvious than that by MRI examination.(4) Treatment and pathological features of EHE and results of follow-up:of 9 patients with EHE,4 underwent surgical resection based on lesions ≤5 and surgical specimens were detected by pathological examination,5 underwent interventional treatment and pathologic examination with biopsy.Gross specimen examination showed that lesions were solid and stiff,with greyish white section plane and infiltrative margin.Tumor cells consisted of epithelioid cells under the microscopy,without atypia and with rare mitotic figures,and vacuoles were seen in cytoplasm.Immunohistochemistry showed CD31 and CD34 were positive.Nine patients were followed up for 6-54 months.During the follow-up,4 patients with surgery had no recurrence and 5 patients with interventional therapy remained stable condition.Conclusions Imaging manifestations of hepatic EHE are the more typical when lesions of EHE became more.Hepatic EHE has a tendency of lesion fusion,halo sign,capsule retraction sign and lollipop sign.Imaging manifestations on T2WI with fat suppression,in portal vein phase and hepatobiliary phase are helpful to improve the diagnosis of hepatic EHE.
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Objective@#To study the measurement reproducibility of parameters derived from introvoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-MRI of rectal cancer between- and within- radiologists.@*Methods@#Clinical data of 34 patients with rectal cancer were prospective analyzed. Conventional MRI sequences, IVIM DWI-MRI with sixteen b values and dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE)-MRI sequences of rectum were acquired by GE 3.0-T MRI imager. The IVIM sequence images with b value=1000 sec/mm2 were selected to measure the maximum axial section of tumor by a radiologist with 15 year-experiences in gastrointestinal cancer imaging.Two radiologists (radiologist 1 and radiologist 2 with 2 and 10 years of experience in gastrointestinal cancer imaging, respectively) independently draw a freehand region of interest (ROI) that contained the largest available tumor area on the selected section. Monoexponential apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and biexponential IVIM metrics maps and IVIM parameters were generated automatically by the software. The repeated measurement was performed at an interval of one week. The average values of each measurement were used for statistical analysis. ADC values and IVIM parameters obtained between- and within- radiologists were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altaman plots were used to analyze the parameter reproducibility of two measurements between- and within- radiologists.@*Results@#The first and second measured ADC (×10-3mm2/s), true diffusivity (D, ×10-3mm2/s), false diffusivity (D*, mm2/s) and perfusion fraction (f, %) by radiologist 1 were 0.997, 0.692, 0.043, 34.6 and 0.993, 0.691, 0.038, 32.8, respectively. The first and second measured ADC (×10-3mm2/s), D (×10-3mm2/s), D* (mm2/s), f (%) by radiologist 2 were 0.987, 0.651, 0.046, 32.8 and 0.996, 0.689、0.041, 32.7, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in ADC and IVIM parameters obtained between- and within- radiologists (P>0.05). The ADC values and the f values of two times were significantly correlated between- and within- radiologists. The D values were significantly correlated within a radiologist, and the correlation of D* values within a radiologist was significantly higher than that between radiologists. The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of ADC values and f values were smaller than those of D values and D* values between- and within- radiologists. The 95% LoA of ADC values was the least, while that of D* values varied most.The 95% LoA of f values and D values kept steady within a radiologist, and 95% LoA of f values was slightly smaller than that of D values. The 95% LoA of IVIM parameters (ADC, D, f, D* values) within radiologists 2 were better than those within radiologist 1.@*Conclusions@#The reproducibilities of ADC and f values are the best, while the reproducibility of D* values is relatively poorer in rectal cancer. Measurement reproducibility of parameters derived from IVIM may be improved by increasing radiologists’ experiences in drawing ROI.
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Objective@#To investigate the prognostic value of quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhangced MR (DCE-MR) on short-term efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).@*Methods@#79 patients with HCC underwent non-enhanced MR imaging and DCE on a 3.0T MR scanner before and one month after TACE. The quantitative parameters were measured on the maximal tumor region, including maximal tumor diameter(MTD), ADC, Ktrans, Kep and Ve value before and after TACE. All patients were divided into stable group (36 patients) and progressive group (43 patients) based on follow-up. The quantitative data of the two groups before and after TACE was collected for analysis.@*Results@#Among the 79 lesions in 79 patients, 21 were located in the left lobe of the liver, 53 in the right lobe of the liver and 5 in the junction area of the hepatic lobe. The maximum tumor diameter (MTD) was 2.2-9.9 cm, the median MTD was 5.1 cm. There were significant differences between progressive group and the stable group in MTD, Ktrans, Kep values of the tumor before TACE (P<0.05). One month after TACE, the MTD, Ktrans, Kep,ΔMTD, ΔKtrans and ΔKep values of the tumor in progressive group were statistically different with the stable group (P<0.05, respectively). For all the patients, the pre-TACE MTD, AFP, Ktrans and Kep values of tumors were statistically different with the post-TACE values (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The quantitative parameters (Ktrans, Kep,ΔKtrans and ΔKep values) of the DCE-MR could predict and evaluate the short-term efficacy of TACE on HCC.
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Objective@#To investigate whether texture analysis based on contrast-enhanced MRI can predict pathological complete response of locally advanced breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC).@*Methods@#Forty-seven patients with breast cancer undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy from January 2015 to February 2016 were divided into pathological complete response (pCR) group or non-pathological complete response (non-pCR) group based on surgical pathology. Their parameters of texture analysis based on MRI before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and after 2 cycles of treatment were analyzed. Parameters(Energy, Entropy, Inertia, Correlation, Inverse Difference Moment)before and after 2 cycles of NAC between pCR and non-pCR groups were compared using Student t or Wilcoxon rank sum test. The diagnostic performance of different parameters was judged by the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.@*Results@#The post-NAC value was significantly different from that of pre-NAC (all P<0.05). Pre-treatment parameters (Energy, Entropy, Inertia, Correlation, Inverse Difference Moment) were 78.58×10-5(55.64×10-5, 135.23×10-5), 10.06 ± 1.02, 7 993.91±2 428.10, (4.76±0.99) ×10-5 and (18.10±4.13) ×10-3 in pCR group, and 76.84×10-5 (48.68×10-5, 154.15×10-5), 10.28±1.26, 7 184.77 (4 938.03, 9 974.04), (5.21±2.01) ×10-5 and (17.68±5.87) ×10-3 in non-pCR group. No significant difference was found between both groups. (P>0.05 for all). At the end of the second cycle of NAC, parameters(Energy, Entropy, Inertia, Correlation, Inverse Difference Moment) were (542.11±361.04) ×10-5, 7.95±1.28, 16 765.08±97 06.56, (0.43±0.07) ×10-5, and (12.18±9.82) ×10-3 in pCR group, and 133.00×10-5 (79.80×10-5, 239.00×10-5), 9.29±1.46, 7 916.64(6 418.89, 10 934.40), (0.38±0.08) ×10-5 and (14.80±5.06) ×10-3 in non-pCR group. At the end of the second cycle of NAC, there was significant difference in the parameters (Energy, Entropy, Inertia, Correlation) and Δparameters (ΔEnergy, ΔEntropy, ΔInertia, ΔInverse Difference Moment) between both groups (P<0.05 for all). The area under curve (AUC) of post-treatment ΔEntropy was 0.81, which was the largest one among parameters. Sensitivity of ΔEntropy for predicting pCR was 75.0% and specificity was 85.7%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Texture analysis based on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI can predict early treatment response in primary breast cancer.
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Objective To investigate the value of DWI using 3.0 T MRI to predict response to radiotherapy(RT) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods From January 2014 to May 2015, 40 patients with stageⅢ(Ⅲa orⅢb) NSCLC underwent DWI using 3.0 T MRI before RT/CCRT were enrolled. The imaging quality of diffusion-weighted images were evaluated on 3-level grades as good, moderate and non-diagnostic.The patients with good or moderate image quality were underwent DWI at 2 weeks after starting therapy(total dose of 20 Gy), and at the end of therapy (total dose of 60 Gy). Apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) of lung cancer with good and moderate image quality were calculated by Funtool. The following quantitative parameters were recorded and calculated: the mean pretreatment ADC value(ADCpre), the mean mid-treatment ADC value (ADCmid), the mean post-treatment ADC value(ADCpost), the rate of changes inmean ADC value at 2 weeks post therapy (ΔADCmid) and the rate of changes inmean ADC value at the end of therapy(ΔADCpost). The patients were classified into response group and non-response group according to the tumor response, which was assessed with revised response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST1.1) after CCRT. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare parameters between the two groups.The relationship between these obtained parameters and tumor response was evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis. The value of parameters on predicting tumor response was calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve.Results 96.4%(80/83) DW images were graded as good or moderate image quality. The responders had lower median ADCpre[1.32 (0.77—1.96) × 10- 3 mm2/s] than non-responders[1.60(1.12—2.33) × 10- 3 mm2/s], which had statistically significant difference (Z=-2.934,P=0.003).Tumor regression rate after treatment had negative correlation with ADCpre(r=-0.386, P=0.018).The responders had increased ADC [ΔADCmid: 38.9%(12.8%—139.0%),ΔADCpost: 48.3% (25.6%—148.1%)] than non-responders [ΔADCmid: -2.5% (-15%—29.4%), ΔADCpost:14.2% (- 28.1% —71.3% )], which had statistically significant difference (Z=- 2.847, - 2.221, respectively;P<0.05). Tumor regression rate after treatment had positive correlation with ΔADCmid(r=0.637, P=0.001) and ΔADCpost(r=0.631, P=0.005).From ROC analysis,when setting threshold on pretreatment ADCpre=1.38 × 10-3 mm2/s, ΔADCmid=21.6%, ΔADCpost=38.8%, the area under curve was 0.782, 0.838 and 0.813.Conclusion The mean ADC value before RT/CCRT and its changes during treatment is likely to be a valuabletool for predicting the response after RT/CCRT in advanced NSCLC, which may be helpful to clinical decision on individualized therapy.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of MR in carotid artery involvement using surgery and pathology as gold standard.Methods 37 patients with suspected neck masses underwent MR scan.One radiologist unaware of the pathological results measured the nine indexes as following:axial surrounding angle(AXA),long axis angle(LAA),the adjacent length of tumor long axis(LLA),the tumor long axis length(TLAL),the ratio of the adjacent length of tumor long axis and the tumor long axis length (LLA/TLAL),the perivascular fatty gap,vascular displacement,vascular deformation and magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) evaluation of artery involvement.The comparison of diagnostic value used ROC curve,sensitivity,specificity and accuracy.The cat-egorical data used Fisher orχ2 test,and measurement data used t test.Results Four indexes (AXA,LAA,LLA/TLAL and MRA) had significantly statistical value for evaluating the arterial invasion.The AUC of AXA,LAA,LLA/TLAL were 0.910,0.775 and 0.766 (P <0.05),respectively.Using 145°,61°,0.553 and MRA to indicate invasion for diagnostic value,the sensitivity and spe-cificity of those four indexes were 100.0% and 89.2%,66.7% and 89.2%,100.0% and 59.5%,33.3% and 100.0%,respective-ly.Conclusion The four indexes including AXA,LAA,LLA/TLAL and MRA evaluation of artery involvement have statistic value but with poor stability.MRA had limited diagnostic value although it’s beneficial to observe the carotid artery.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the diagnostic efficacies of 64-MDCT and 3.0-T MRI in determining the T stage of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Approval from the institutional ethics committee and informed consent from patients were obtained before the study started. 40 patients with NSCLC proved by pathology were enrolled in the study. All the 40 patients underwent non-enhanced MRI, enhanced MRI, and enhanced MDCT. Their T stages were preliminarily evaluated according to these imaging manifestations by 3 groups of experienced chest radiologists respectively, and correlated with that of postoperative pathology using the Kappa test. The diagnostic efficacies of these three imaging modalities for determining the T stage of NSCLC were compared using the McNemar test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The preoperative diagnostic accuracy rate for the T stage of NSCLC was 85.0% (34 of 40) by non-enhanced MRI, 87.5% (35 of 40) by enhanced MRI, and 80.0% (32 of 40) by enhanced CT, showing no significant differences between the non-enhanced MRI and enhanced CT, enhanced MRI and enhanced CT, and non-enhanced MRI and enhanced MRI for determining the T stage of NSCLC (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with the enhanced MDCT, non-enhanced MRI and enhanced MRI provide slightly superior diagnostic efficacy for the preoperative T staging of NSCLC. For the patients with intolerance to contrast medium on MDCT scan, 3.0T MRI may be an alternative for determining the preoperative T stage of NSCLC.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Contrast Media , Lung Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Neoplasm Staging , Preoperative PeriodABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the clinical typing, pathological classisfication, and prognosis of primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN).Methods Clinical typing, pathological classisfication and relationship between clinical manifestations and pathological features of 220 cases with IgAN were analyzed in 10 years.Results IgA nephropathy occupied 42.9％ (220/512) of all the patients received renal biopsy at the corresponding time.Asymptomatic abnormal urinalysis was the most common clinical manifestation(39.0％ (86/ 220)), followed by hypertension (17.7％ (39/220)) and recurrent macroscopic hematuria (15.4％ (34/220)).Grade Ⅲ pathological change(29.5％ (65/220)) was the most co mmon,followed by grade Ⅱ (27.3％ (60/ 220)) and grade Ⅳ (18.2％), Grade Ⅰ/Ⅴ were relatively less ((11.4％ (25/220), 13.6％ (30/220)).No correlation could be found between types of deposited immune complex and pathological lesion extent(x2=4.87, P＞0.05).The clinical manifestations were significantly correlated with the severity of glomerular lesions (x2 =13.14,P＜0.05).During the follow-up for 106 patients (mean duration of 23 months), 90 patients(84.9％) had normal renal function and 75 patients(70.8％) had decreased excretion of protein in urine (＜1 g/24 h).Conclusion The clinical typing of primary IgA is correlated with pathological changes.The prognosis of IgA is markedly correlation with the pathological lesion degree.Renal functions will be improved if the different treatments were given according to the different renal pathological features.
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Objective To investigate the value of DWI before treatment on predicting sensitivity of concurrent chemoradiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Seventy patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma proved by nasopharyngoscope and biopsy pathology conducted DWI before concurrent chemoradiation and reexamined on receiving dose of 50 Gy.The mean, maximum and minimum ADC value of tumor were measured on DWI and maximum area of tumor before and during treatment ( on dose of 50 Gy) was delineated to calculate the tumor regression rate ( RS0-50 ).The patients were classified into three groups according to the RS0-50 as sensitive, moderate, and resistant therapeutic effect.Patients were classified into different groups according to the pathologic type and clinical stage respectively .Spearman correlation analysis was used between RS 0-50 and ADC values of all tumors , different pathologic types and clinical stages , respectively.ROC was used to evaluate the cutoff and value of ADC which had highest correlation to RS0-50 on predicting therapeutic effect.Results DWI of 3 patients were excluded due to obvious swallow artifact which influenced the measurement , and finally 67 patients were included in this study, with pathological type of nonkeratinized differentiated undifferentiated carcinoma in 49 cases, nonkeratinized undifferentiated carcinoma in 18 cases, clinical T1 stage in 7 cases, T2 in 14 cases, T3 in 17 cases and T4 in 29 cases.During treatment , there were 13 cases with sensitive therapeutic effect , 42 cases with moderate therapeutic effect and 12 cases with resistant therapeutic effect.RS0-50 [ ( 65.6 ± 3.1) %] showed mildly and moderately negative correlation to mean ADC [(1.06 ±0.19) ×10 -3 mm2/s] and maximum ADC [(1.29 ±0.33) ×10 -3 mm2/s] respectively ( r =-0.276, P =0.024 and r =-0.434, P=0.001, respectively).ROC showed when setting threshold at maximum ADC value of lower than 1.06 ×10 -3 mm2/s for predicting sensitive therapeutic effect , the specificity , sensitivity , and accuracy was 69.2%(9/13), 88.9%(48/54) and 85.1% (57/67), respectively, and when setting threshold at maximum ADC value of higher than and equal to 1.30 ×10 -3 mm2/s for predicting resistant therapeutic effect, the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy was 75.0% (9/12), 65.5% (36/55) and 67.2%(45/67), respectively.Conclusion Pretreatment maximum ADC value were able to predict the tumor regression rate and sensitivity of concurrent chemoradiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma .
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Objective To study the DCE-MRI findings of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods 26 new patients di-agnosed laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer by pathology were collected and took DCE-MRI before therapy.The TIC type,ADC value,peak time (Tpeak),peak signal enhancement percentage (SERmax),positive enhancement integral(PEI),maximum slope of increase(MSI)and maximum slope of decrease(MSD)were obtained respectively.These semi-quantitative parameters of primary cancer,normal pharyngeal tissue and the same layer neck muscles were compared and P 0.05 )was found.Different b values (b = 300 s/mm2 , 500 s/mm2 )for ADC values were significantly different.There was statistical significance in semi-parameters among the primary cancer,normal pharyngeal wall tissue and the same layer neck muscles.Setting MSI value 58.32 threshold to distinguish abnormal and normal tissues,sensitivity and specificity both were 84.6%.Conclusion DCE-MRI can reflect morphology and signal differences among neck muscles,normal and abnormal laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tissues,providing help for diagnosis of primary carcino-ma.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) histogram analysis for predicting tumor progression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In a retrospective study, both 35 stable patients and 38 progressive patients with biopsy-proven HCC underwent breath-hold DWI before RFA treatment. The pre-treatment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were averaged from the lowest to 10th, 30th, 50th, and 100th percentile using DWI histogram analysis software respectively, and were called ADC10, ADC30, ADC50 and ADC100. The ratios of ADC10, ADC30, ADC50 and ADC100 to mean ADC of non-lesional area were calculated, called RADC10, RADC30, RADC50 and RADC100, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before RFA treatment, the ADC30, ADC50, ADC100, RADC30, RADC50 and RADC100 values of the tumors in the progression group were significantly higher than those of the stable group (P < 0.05 for all), respectively. The progression-free survival (PFS) of all patients was (16.0 ± 10.6) months. Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that RADC10, RADC30, RADC50 values of the tumor were significantly associated with PFS (P < 0.05 for both). In multivariate analysis, only the RADC50 value of tumor was a significant predictor for tumor progression (P < 0.05). When the cut-off value of RADC50 (0.72) was used, the PFS of below the cut-off value group [(30.2 ± 3.0) months] was significantly higher than that of those above the cut-off value group [(20.0 ± 3.1) months] (P = 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pre-RFA DWI histogram analysis may serve as a biomarker for predicting tumor progression in patients with HCC treated with RFA.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , General Surgery , Catheter Ablation , Methods , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Disease Progression , Disease-Free Survival , Liver Neoplasms , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To retrospectively compare CT and MR features of hepatocellular adenoma with pathologic findings.Methods Twelve patients with histopathologically proved hepatocellular adenoma were classified on the basis of pathologic and genotype phenotype findings into four groups:steatotic type,cytological abnormality type,telangiectatic adenoma with inflammatory infiltrates type and atypical adenoma type.The CT and MR features of each type were reviewed retrospectively compared with the pathological results.Results In this retrospective study,12 patients were examined with CT (8 patients) and MR (8 patients).Among 12 patients,4 patients showed a steatotic type.One patient showed hypo-density on the non-enhanced CT and 3 patients demonstrated hypo-density on all phases of the post-contrast scans.Two lesions showed iso-intense signal on the in-phase T1 WI with signal dropout on the out-of-phase T1WI,and hypo-intense signal on the T2 WI with fat suppression sequences.One lesion demonstrated moderate hypointense signal on all phases of the post-contrast MRI scans.Two patients with the telangiectatic adenoma irflammatory infiltrates type were found.One patient showed hypo-density on the non-enhanced CT scans and hyper-density on all phases of the post-contrast CT scans.One patient demonstrated iso-intense signal and the other hypo-intense signal on the T1 WI,and both displayed moderate hyper-intense signal on the T2WI with fat suppression sequences and hyper-intense signal with gradual enhancement on all phases of post-contrast MR scans.There were 3 patients with a cytological abnormality type.One patient appeared hypodensity and 1 patient showed uniform iso-density on non-enhanced CT scans.All patients who had undergone contrast-enhanced CT scans were found to have hyper-density on the hepatic arterial-dominant phase and became slightly lower on the portal venous phase.On the delay phase the density reduced further.One mass showed iso-intense signal on the T1WI and hyper-intense signal on the T2WI with fat suppression sequences.There were 3 patients with an atypical adenoma type.One patient appeared uniform hypo-density on the nonenhanced CT and hyper-density on the hepatic arterial-dominant phase and became iso-dense on the portal venous phase.On the delay phase,it was slightly hyper-dense.Two out of the three lesions showed isointense and one hypo-intense signal on the in-phase T1 WI,and hypo-intense,hyper-intense,and iso-intense signal on the T2WI with fat suppression sequences,respectively.Two patients examined on all phases of post-contrast MRI scans.The result was similar to the CT findings.Conclusion The imaging features of hepatocellular adenoma are closely associated with pathological characteristics.